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(Chemical Symbol V) - Element No. 23 of the periodic system; atomic weight 50.95. Gray-white, hard metal, unaffected by atmospheric influences or alkalies but soluble in most strong acids; melting point 31190°F.; boiling point about 61500°F.; specific gravity 5.87. It cannot be electrodeposited. Its principal functions as an alloy in the making of tool steels. (1) Elevates coarsening temperature of austenite ( promotes fine grain). (2) Increases hardenability (when dissolved). (3) Resists tempering and causes marked secondary hardening.
Hardened, temper and white polished extra precision rolled. Carbon content about 1.00%. Steel must withstand great fatigue stresses.
Standard method for measuring the hardness of metals, particularly those with extremely hard surfaces: the surface is subjected to a standard pressure for a standard length of time by means of a pyramid-shaped diamond. The diagonal of the resulting indention is measured under a microscope and the Vickers Hardness value read from a conversion table.
Metal obtained directly from ore and not used before.
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